Green Hydrogen: A Strategic Energy Vector for Achieving Net-Zero Emissions by 2050

Abstract

Green hydrogen is evolving as a critical element in the global transition to a low-carbon energy system. Green hydrogen is generated via water electrolysis powered by renewable electricity, providing a clean and sustainable alternative to fossil-based energy sources. Unlike grey or blue hydrogen, which are derived from natural gas and emit CO2, green hydrogen is virtually emissions-free, making it a key enabler of deep decarbonization across multiple sectors. One of green hydrogen's most significant advantages is its versatility. It serves as a versatile energy carrier, functioning as a zeroemission fuel for transportation, a feedstock for various industrial processes, and a medium for the storage and distribution of renewable energy. Hard-to-abate sectors like steelmaking, chemicals, and heavy transport stand to benefit greatly from hydrogen's clean-burning properties. Moreover, green hydrogen helps to stabilise energy systems by storing excess renewable electricity, which can then be converted back into power when needed. While current production costs are high, ongoing innovation and scaling of renewable infrastructure are expected to make green hydrogen increasingly costcompetitive. As the world seeks to meet climate goals, green hydrogen will play a crucial role in building a cleaner and more resilient energy future.