Zirconium-Based MOFs for Light-Driven Reactions: A Critical Assessment of Recent Progress

Abstract

Light-driven reactions are crucial processes in sustainable chemistry and environmental remediation. These reactions harness the energy of light, typically solar or artificial, to drive chemical transformations that rely on the fundamental principle of photocatalysis, where a semiconductor materials absorbs light and generates electron-hole pairs. This review provides a critical and comprehensive survey of recent progress in utilizing zirconium-based Metal-Organic Frameworks (Zr-MOFs), including the UiO series, PCN, BUT, and MOF-801, for light-driven reactions, focusing on CO2 reduction, hydrogen evolution, and contaminant degradation-crucial processes for addressing global challenges in energy and environmental sustainability. It examines the structural attributes of Zr-MOFs that underpin their photocatalytic activity, such as high stability, tunable porosity, and versatile chemical functionality, and analyzes strategies to enhance performance, including co-catalyst integration and ligand modification, which are vital for optimizing light absorption and charge transfer. The review consolidates mechanistic insights derived from both experimental and computational studies, aiming to clarify the complex reaction pathways involved. By critically assessing current research, it identifies key challenges and opportunities, particularly in designing efficient co-catalysts and elucidating reaction mechanisms. This analysis underscores the significant potential of Zr-MOFs in addressing climate change, energy scarcity, and environmental pollution through efficient light-driven transformations. The review aims to stimulate further research towards developing highly efficient, stable, and sustainable photocatalytic systems, ultimately contributing to the advancement of green technologies and the realization of a sustainable future.