Triple-junction all-perovskite solar cells: A review

Abstract

Triple-junction all-perovskite solar cells (TJPSCs) use three layers of perovskite materials with different bandgaps to absorb a broader range of the solar spectrum, improving power conversion efficiency (PCE). Currently, the PCE of TJPSC has exceeded 26%, accompanied by an open circuit voltage exceeding 3 V, but there is still a significant gap from the theoretical maximum efficiency of 45%. This paper reviews the working principles and key parameters of TJPSCs and presents recent research progress, with a focus on how component optimization, interface engineering, and charge transport layer improvements influence device efficiency. It also emphasises the essential role of theoretical simulations in guiding bandgap matching, current matching, and energy loss analysis. The paper systematically summarises the advancements made by various research groups from 2019 to 2025, which have contributed to material innovation, fabrication techniques, and device architecture improvements, highlighting notable gains in power conversion efficiency. Although challenges remain in achieving long-term stability and scaling up production, the commercial potential of TJPSCs continues to grow as efforts to optimize material composition, structural design, and manufacturing processes advance.