Enhancing the stability of perovskite solar cells and modules by two-dimensional (PM)2PbI2Cl2

Abstract

FAPbI₃ is an excellent candidate material for achieving efficient and stable perovskite photovoltaic devices; however, it is often associated with the presence of non-black phases, which significantly detrimentally affects device performance. Here, the (PM)₂PbI₂Cl₂ was introduced into the perovskite precursor solution to inhibit the formation of the yellow phase, effectively protecting the perovskite layer and preventing its loss and degradation. The achieved efficiencies of the cell and module were 25.00% (aperture area: 0.113 cm²) and 23.39% (aperture area: 21.00 cm²), respectively, and exhibited excellent stability under damp heat and light exposure. The encapsulated perovskite solar module (PSM) maintains 91.0% of its initial efficiency after 1560 h of 85 °C/85% relative humidity (RH), and 88% of its initial efficiency after 1080 h of 100 °C (30% RH). Furthermore, the device maintains 90.0% of its initial efficiency after 500 h of continuous light soaking.