Enhanced UV-Vis-NIR activated photocatalytic activity from Fe3+-doped BiOBr:Yb3+/Er3+ upconversion nanoplates: synergistic effect and mechanism insight

Abstract

Upconversion (UC) materials are recognized as promising candidates to harvest solar energy for photocatalysis. In this work, a simple strategy for simultaneously enhancing the UC luminescence and photocatalytic efficiency of BiOBr:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ nanoplates through Fe³⁺ ion doping is reported. Compared to the Fe³⁺-free sample, the UC emission intensity was significantly enhanced through tailoring of the crystal symmetry by Fe³⁺ ions. Experiment and DFT calculations reveal that the introduction of Fe³⁺ ions resulted in the formation of an impurity energy level, extending to the light absorption region. As expected, the Fe³⁺-doped BiOBr:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ nanoplates exhibit a wide photoresponse from the UV to NIR regions, good stability, and obviously enhanced photocatalytic activities compared with the BiOBr:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ nanoplates in the degradation of RhB. The boosted photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the synergic effect of the efficient utilization of UC luminescence and Fe³⁺ doping, where Fe³⁺ doping could improve the light harvesting capacity, enhance the separation efficiency of electron and hole (e⁻/h⁺) pairs, and promote the production of highly oxidative species. This work not only provides a promising system for the efficient utilization of solar light, but also offers a feasible guideline for the further design of broad-spectrum active photocatalysts.