Improvement in the metabolic markers of prediabetic subjects due to the partial substitution of Taiken9 rice by RD43 rice in their daily diet: a randomized clinical trial

Abstract

Although RD43 rice is characterized by high amounts of undigestible starch, its potential health benefits for prediabetic individuals remain unknown. Thus, the effect of regular consumption of RD43 rice on the glycemic response, body composition, and metabolic markers was investigated in a sample of 34 participants with prediabetes (aged from 32 to 68 years) who were randomly allocated to either the treatment or the control group. The first were required to consume RD43 rice (Glycemic Index [GI] = 78) containing 14.1 g of undigestible starch daily as a substitute for two meals per day while the second were given the Taiken9 rice (GI = 98) for 12 continuous weeks. The evaluations were performed at baseline, at the end of week 6 and 12, and at follow-up conducted two weeks after the intervention had ended. The results obtained at the week 12 assessment clearly showed a significant decrease in fasting plasma glucose, insulin, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR in the group that consumed RD43 rice. In addition, daily ingestion of RD43 rice markedly reduced body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), total fat mass, and waist circumference at both week 6 and 12 compared with the baseline. When compared with the controls, the treatment group also exhibited a significant decrease in fasting plasma insulin and HOMA-IR at week 12. However, no significant inter- or intra-group differences in lipid profiles were detected. These findings suggest that RD43 rice could be a potential staple food with the capacity to improve glycemic control and body composition in prediabetic individuals.