Heteroatom doping-induced formation of closed pores for high-performance sodium storage hard carbon anodes

Abstract

A resin-based hard carbon with rich closed pores is pepared by in-situ reconstruction of cavities formed after heteroatoms evaporated during high-temperature carbonization process. Various characterization results comfirm that the rich defect sites, microporous and enlarged layer spacing in hard carbon promotes the Na+ transport and facilitates the high-performance Na+ storage.