Shape-dependent force constant dynamics in anatase TiO2 nanocrystals during lithium-ion insertion

Abstract

Operando Raman spectroscopy analyzed morphology-dependent force constants in anatase TiO2 nanocrystals under electrochemical lithiation. Pristine rhombic nanocrystals, nanospheres, and nanosheets exhibited ascending Eg band positions. Real-time tracking of Eg mode revealed force constant enhancements of 2.08, 2.60, and 2.76 N·m-1 per mol Li+ for rhombic nanocrystals, nanospheres, and nanosheets, respectively.