Advancements in transition metal iron-based catalysts: enhancing catalytic activity through electron transfer

Abstract

In this perspective, we aim to explore the latest advancements in a range of design improvements in iron-based catalysts, with a particular focus on electron transfer during catalytic processes. Up to now, various design improvements have been employed to enhance the catalytic activity of heterogeneous iron-based catalysts, including adjustment of microstructure, introduction of support materials, construction of core–shell structures, and incorporation of new components. The effectiveness of these adjustments is contingent upon enhancing the interfacial electron transfer capabilities of heterogeneous iron-based catalysts. Accelerating electron transfer is a fundamental measure to enhance the catalytic ability of the catalyst. Particularly, the activation of pollutants and oxidants during the electron transfer process will lead to different activation mechanisms, combinations, and transformations of activation pathways. Furthermore, considering the practical applications of iron-based composite catalysts, we have also provided future research directions, which address some challenging issues and possible solutions. These directions are crucial for guiding future efforts in catalyst development and optimization.