Recent Advancements in Fabrication, Properties of Tailored COFs for Catalytic Theranostic Processes, Energy Storage and Environmental Sustainability

Abstract

Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) were innovative porous materials gained significant attention because of remarkable structural stability and adaptability etc constructed from interconnected organic building blocks by covalent bonds as fundamental part of COFs. As opposed to metal bonds seen on other materials, the majority of the bonds in COFs were C-C, C-N, C-O and N-N bonds, hence they are safer comparatively. The key characteristics that make an ideal material due to high porosity, chemical stability, tunable pore size and shape, high surface area, structural diversity, functionalization and electrical conductivity etc. The particular functional groups and active sites found were established by the organic monomers employed in various synthesis processes. Due to numerous advantages, it has assured to be an effective material for variety of applications vital to the modern world including photocatalysis, sensing and CO2 reduction which locate and eliminate the harmful pollutants, also energy storage applications to address the pressing need for energy conservation on worldwide scale without posing threat to the environment. This review has explained the different factors like functional groups, active sites, dangling bonding, dimensions, porosity and synthesis methods such as solvothermal, microwave, ionothermal, light-induced etc which influenced the material's specificity for targeted applications. Alongside, this review added some significant novel concepts that is being discussed for the first time like hemodialysis (HD), hemoperfusion (HP), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and enzyme mimitic property of COFs. This part supported the groundwork for utilizing the multifunctional potential of COFs into future investigations.