Emerging paired diatomic sites toward synergistic NH3 synthesis

Abstract

Diatomic catalysts' distinctive characteristics are a significant factor in their potential as applications, particularly in the catalytic conversion of nitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3). Here, we have reviewed the historical development of dual atom catalysts (DACs) and provide a critical outline of their distinctiveness. The tuning interaction between the two component metal atoms, manipulating coordination structure, controlling the diatomic distance, regulating the interplay between metal atoms, and the support and surface functionalization of DACs are highlighted because they are fundamental to the drivers mentioned above. The impact of the microstructure of the DACs on their catalytic performance has been addressed. The uses of the catalytic reactions are examined in detail: Electrocatalytic, photocatalytic, and thermal conversion reactions of N2/NOx to NH3. Finally, DAC's future challenges and perspectives in synthesizing NH3 have been discussed.