Re-Engineering Bone: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Emerging Therapies for Osteoporosis

Abstract

Osteoporosis, a multifaceted metabolic bone disease, is becoming increasingly prevalent and poses a significant burden on global healthcare systems. Given the limitations of traditional treatments such as pharmacotherapy, tissue engineering has emerged as a promising alternative for osteoporosis management. This review begins by exploring the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, with a focus on the abnormal metabolic, cellular, and molecular signaling microenvironments that drive the disease. We also examine commonly used clinical diagnostic techniques, discussing their respective strengths and limitations. Particularly, this review evaluates various advanced tissue engineering strategies for osteoporosis treatment. Delivery systems, including injectable hydrogels and nanomaterials, are detailed alongside bone tissue engineering materials such as bioactive ceramics, bone cements, and polymers. Additionally, biologically active substances, including exosomes and cytokines, are explored, along with emerging therapies that leverage small-molecule drugs. Through a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and limitations of current biomaterials and therapeutic approaches, this review provides insights into future directions for tissue engineering-based solutions. By synthesizing current advancements, it aims to inspire innovative perspectives for the clinical management of osteoporosis.

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
25 nov. 2024
Accepted
22 févr. 2025
First published
14 mars 2025

J. Mater. Chem. B, 2025, Accepted Manuscript

Re-Engineering Bone: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Emerging Therapies for Osteoporosis

X. Dong, H. Liu, D. Yuan, K. Gulati and Y. Liu, J. Mater. Chem. B, 2025, Accepted Manuscript , DOI: 10.1039/D4TB02628D

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