Review on Ti3C2 MXene based binary and ternary composites for photocatalytic applications

Abstract

2D layered materials serves as a suitable co-catalyst owing to their multiple advantages such as higher specific surface area, adequate density of surface-active sites, versatile substrate for the epitaxial growth of other nanostructures and suitable surface acid-base properties. In this regard, functional materials such as graphene, MoS2, and MXenes are extensively explored in the photocatalytic reactions, with MXenes gaining tremendous interest in recent times. MXenes not only serves as electron sink for the semiconductors but also a good precursors to obtain metal oxides at moderate annealing temperature. This focused review begins with the design and fabrication of Ti3C2/ TiO2 from the purview of both preparation methods and photocatalytic applications towards dye degradation and H2 evolution reactions. The Ti3C2 based ternary composite comprising various photocatalytic semiconductors like BiOX, AgX, graphitic-carbon nitride, metal sulphides and metal oxides are emphasized to mark the further advancements. The charge carrier dynamics and the degradation mechanisms of pollutants are highlighted at the regular stages. The challenges associated and future prospectus of this binary composite are presented to pave the way for broader applications.