A review on the insights into redox-based regeneration strategies for LiFePO4 batteries

Abstract

In recent years, the market share of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄: LFP) batteries within the power battery sector has witnessed substantial growth. In light of low-carbon initiatives and environmental sustainability, the recycling of spent LiFePO₄ (SLFP) batteries, especially their regeneration, is of paramount importance for environmental protection, resource conservation, and enhancement of economic efficiency. Current literature reviews predominantly concentrate on synthesizing existing research from the perspective of regeneration methodologies. However, they insufficiently address the chemical reactions that are integral to the regeneration process, which are essential for optimizing the recycling of SLFP batteries. To address this gap in the literature, this review, for the first time, systematically compiles studies from the innovative perspective of redox reactions occurring during the regeneration of SLFP batteries. This review commences with an analysis of the economic benefits and failure mechanisms linked to the regeneration of SLFP batteries, thereby elucidating the rationale and necessity for this process. Subsequently, it delves into indirect regeneration methods based on oxidation reactions and direct regeneration technologies based on reduction reactions. Furthermore, the review underscores research dedicated to the enhancement and repurposing of SLFP battery cathodes, offering a prospective outlook on the novel trends in the recycling of SLFP battery materials. This review aspires to promote further scholarly inquiry into the regeneration of SLFP batteries.