CO2-responsive membrane separation systems: a green solution for efficient separations

Abstract

Membrane separation technology, which is characterized by its green, environmentally friendly, efficient, and continuous operation, has become indispensable in modern separation processes. It has widespread applications in pharmaceuticals, mineral extraction, and water purification. Because efficient and stable separation processes often require the integration of components across isolated, functionally distinct regions and the synergistic achievement of separation outcomes, membrane systems have emerged as a prominent trend within the field of membrane separation. Among them, CO₂-responsive materials are an important research hotspot because of their precise and efficient separation performance caused by their green driving mode, mild and green condition, non-accumulation, and excellent reversibility. This review comprehensively investigates the history of the development of CO₂-responsive membrane separation systems, including their CO₂-responsive mechanisms, fabrication methods, critical characterization techniques, and potential applications. The review culminates in a forward outlook, summarizing future research directions as well as highlighting challenges in CO₂-responsive membrane separation systems and emerging potential applications.