Advances in three-dimensional porous carbon-based wave-absorbing materials: from preparation strategies, structural design, and component regulation to multifunctionality

Abstract

The rapid development of wireless communication technology has caused serious electromagnetic damage and electromagnetic pollution while bringing great convenience to the society and the people at the military and civilian levels. Electromagnetic wave (EMW)-absorbing materials, such as three-dimensional porous carbon-based materials, are considered ideal for solving electromagnetic pollution owing to their low density, light weight, excellent electrical conductivity, high chemical stability, and strong absorption properties. Hence, this article reviews the recent research progress on various types of 3D porous carbon-based materials. Using the principle of EMW absorption, the basic theory of EMW absorption and loss mechanisms are introduced. Then, the preparation strategies for different structures of the selected materials are discussed in detail. Next, the structure-component synergies and multifunctionality of 3D porous carbon-based materials are highlighted. Finally, an outlook on the future study direction of 3D porous carbon-based materials is provided, and the challenges as well as the possible solution strategies are highlighted. This review aims to provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of 3D porous carbon-based materials with regard to their preparation strategy, structure-component synergy, and multifunctional levels to facilitate their further innovation.