Asymmetric Phthalocyanine-Based Hole-Transporting Materials: Evaluating the Role of Heterocyclic Units and PMMA Additive

Abstract

Two novel asymmetric phthalocyanine derivatives, ZnPc-1 and ZnPc-2, are synthesized to enhance charge transfer properties and mitigate deep-level traps on the perovskite surface using electron-rich nitrogen atoms. PSCs with ZnPc-1 and ZnPc-2 as hole-transporting materials achieved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 12.11% and 8.98%, respectively. Incorporating a small amount of PMMA into the HTM precursor solution significantly improved performance, resulting in PCEs of 16.2% and 12.5% for ZnPc-1 and ZnPc-2, respectively. The addition of PMMA enhances conductivity and prevents moisture intrusion, boosting both the efficiency and stability of PSCs.