Dynamic hydrogels mediated by macrocyclic host–guest interactions

Abstract

Hydrogels have attracted increasing research interest in recent years due to their dynamic properties and potential applications in biomaterials. Concurrently, macrocycle-based host–guest interactions have played an important role in the development of supramolecular chemistry. Recently, research towards dynamic hydrogels mediated by various macrocyclic host–guest interactions has been gradually disclosed. In this review, we will outline the burgeoning progress in the development of functional hydrogels mediated by various host molecules, such as cyclodextrins, cucurbit[n]urils, calix[n]arenes, pillar[n]arenes, and other macrocycles. Smart hydrogels with outstanding properties, like biocompatibility, toughness, and self-healing, are mainly focused. We believe that this review will highlight the potential of dynamic hydrogels mediated by macrocycle-based host–guest interactions.