Synthesis of versatile fluorescent Isoquinolinium salts and their applications

Abstract

Isoquinolinium salts are well-known N-heterocyclic cationic compounds that are applicable in various research fields, such as materials chemistry and pharmaceutics. Generally, isoquinoliniums having polyaromatic structure are investigated in diverse researches due to their intrinsic physical properties including fluorescence emission maxima, fluorescence lifetime and quantum yield. Notably, fluorescent isoquinolinium salts are prepared by various synthetic approach as alkylation of isoquinoline, oxidation of hydro pyridine, rearrangement and transition-metal catalyzed C-H activation. Through this review, synthetic methods of diverse fluorescent isoquinolinium salts and their applications in pharmaceuticals, materials chemistry, theranostics, DNA binding, fluorescent sensor and bioimaging are summarized