Interfacial effects in supported catalysts for electrocatalysis

Significant efforts have been devoted to design and develop supported catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion and storage systems since they have enhanced electrocatalytic activity. The interfacial effects between the support and catalyst could control electron distribution, tune intermediate adsorption, prevent catalysts from dense aggregation, and improve stability. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in supported catalysts for promoting electrocatalysis relevant to renewable energy technologies. It starts with the rational selection and synthesis of supported catalysts, and strategies to improve the support. Then, recent improvements in the vital electrocatalytic reactions (hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), CO₂ reduce reaction (CO₂RR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), etc.) are discussed, respectively. Finally, the challenges and opportunities are presented for this promising field.