Carbon nanofibers derived from cellulose nanofibers as a long-life anode material for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries

Abstract

A highly reversible anode is indispensable to the future success of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) derived from cellulose nanofibers are investigated as an anode material for SIBs. The CNFs exhibit very promising electrochemical properties, including a high reversible capacity (255 mA h g⁻¹ at 40 mA g⁻¹), good rate capability (85 mA h g⁻¹ at 2000 mA g⁻¹), and excellent cycling stability (176 mA h g⁻¹ at 200 mA g⁻¹ over 600 cycles).