Reducing the shuttle effect with the interactions of polar TiN and non-polar graphene for lithium–sulfur batteries

Abstract

Chemical anchoring and facilitated transformation of polysulfides by polar titanium nitride nanoparticles and uniform distribution of sulfur by non-polar graphene showed efficient cooperative interactions for lithium–sulfur batteries, which contributed to the enhanced electrochemical performance of a high initial discharge capacity of 1412 mA h g⁻¹ (0.2 C) and long-term cyclability.