Different approaches to synthesising cerium oxide nanoparticles and their corresponding physical characteristics, and ROS scavenging and anti-inflammatory capabilities

Abstract

The biological applications of cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) have received extensive attention in recent decades. The coexistence of trivalent cerium and tetravalent cerium on the surface of nanoceria allows the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The regeneratable changes between Ce³⁺ and Ce⁴⁺ make nanoceria a suitable therapeutic agent for treating ROS-related diseases and inflammatory diseases. The size, morphology and Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ state of cerium oxide nanoparticles are affected by the synthesis method. This review focuses on various synthesis methods of cerium oxide nanoparticles and discusses their corresponding physical characteristics, and anti-ROS and anti-inflammatory properties.