Long circulating reduced graphene oxide–iron oxide nanoparticles for efficient tumor targeting and multimodality imaging

Cheng Xu; Sixiang Shi; Liangzhu Feng; Feng Chen; Stephen A. Graves; Emily B. Ehlerding; Shreya Goel; Haiyan Sun; Christopher G. England; Robert J. Nickles; Zhuang Liu; Taihong Wang; Weibo Cai

doi:10.1039/C5NR09193D

Long circulating reduced graphene oxide–iron oxide nanoparticles for efficient tumor targeting and multimodality imaging

Cheng Xu,^ab Sixiang Shi,^c Liangzhu Feng,^d Feng Chen,^b Stephen A. Graves,^e Emily B. Ehlerding,^e Shreya Goel,^c Haiyan Sun,^b Christopher G. England,^e Robert J. Nickles,^e Zhuang Liu,^d Taihong Wang*^a and Weibo Cai †*^bcef

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* Corresponding authors

^a Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Collage of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
E-mail: thwang@aphy.iphy.ac.cn

^b Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI 53792, USA
E-mail: wcai@uwhealth.org

^c Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI 53706, USA

^d Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, the Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China

^e Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI 53705, USA

^f University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA

Abstract

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) surface modification is one of the most widely used approaches to improve the solubility of inorganic nanoparticles, prevent their aggregation and prolong their in vivo blood circulation half-life. Herein, we developed double-PEGylated biocompatible reduced graphene oxide nanosheets anchored with iron oxide nanoparticles (RGO–IONP–^1stPEG–^2ndPEG). The nanoconjugates exhibited a prolonged blood circulation half-life (∼27.7 h) and remarkable tumor accumulation (>11 %ID g⁻¹) via an enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Due to the strong near-infrared absorbance and superparamagnetism of RGO–IONP–^1stPEG–^2ndPEG, multimodality imaging combining positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging was successfully achieved. The promising results suggest the great potential of these nanoconjugates for multi-dimensional and more accurate tumor diagnosis and therapy in the future.

This article is part of the themed collections: Nanoscale 10th Anniversary: Top Authors and Nanoscale approaches for cancer diagnosis and treatment

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Long circulating reduced graphene oxide–iron oxide nanoparticles for efficient tumor targeting and multimodality imaging

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