Defined covalent assembly of protein molecules on graphene using a genetically encoded photochemical reaction handle

Athraa J. Zaki; Andrew M. Hartley; Samuel C. Reddington; Suzanne K. Thomas; Peter Watson; Anthony Hayes; Andy V. Moskalenko; Monica F. Craciun; J. Emyr Macdonald; D. Dafydd Jones; Martin Elliott

doi:10.1039/C7RA11166E

Defined covalent assembly of protein molecules on graphene using a genetically encoded photochemical reaction handle†

Athraa J. Zaki,‡§^a Andrew M. Hartley,‡^b Samuel C. Reddington,‡^b Suzanne K. Thomas,

^a Peter Watson,^b Anthony Hayes,^b Andy V. Moskalenko,¶^a Monica F. Craciun,^c J. Emyr Macdonald,^a D. Dafydd Jones

*^b and Martin Elliott

*^a

Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

^a School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
E-mail: ElliottM@cardiff.ac.uk

^b School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, UK
E-mail: JonesDD@cardiff.ac.uk

^c Centre for Graphene Science, University of Exeter, UK

Abstract

We have created modified protein variants by introducing a non-canonical amino acid p-azido-L-phenylalanine (azF) into defined positions for photochemically-induced covalent attachment to graphene. Attachment of GFP, TEM and cyt b₅₆₂ proteins was verified through a combination of atomic force and scanning tunnelling microscopy, resistance measurements, Raman data and fluorescence measurements. This method can in principle be extended to any protein which can be engineered in this way without adversely affecting its structural stability.

This article is part of the themed collection: Editors’ collection: Graphene

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Defined covalent assembly of protein molecules on graphene using a genetically encoded photochemical reaction handle†

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