Fulvalene as a platform for the synthesis of a dimetallic dysprosocenium single-molecule magnet

Abstract

The dinucleating fulvalenyl ligand [1,1′,3,3′-(C₅^tBu₂H₂)₂]²⁻ (Fv^tttt) was used to synthesize the dimetallic dysprosocenium cation [{Dy(η⁵-Cp*)}₂(μ-BH₄)(η⁵:η⁵-Fv^tttt)]⁺ (3) as the salt of [B(C₆F₅)₄]⁻ (Cp* = C₅Me₅). Compound [3][B(C₆F₅)₄] was obtained using a method in which the double half-sandwich complex [{Dy(BH₄)₂(THF)}₂(Fv^tttt)] (1) was reacted with KCp* to give the double metallocene [{Dy(Cp*)(μ-BH₄)}₂(Fv^tttt)] (2), followed by removal of a bridging borohydride ligand upon addition of [(Et₃Si)₂(μ-H)][B(C₆F₅)₄]. The dimetallic fulvalenyl complexes 1–3 give rise to single-molecule magnet (SMM) behaviour in zero applied field, with the effective energy barriers of 154(15) cm⁻¹, 252(4) cm⁻¹ and 384(18) cm⁻¹, respectively, revealing a significant improvement in performance across the series. The magnetic properties are interpreted with the aid of ab initio calculations, which show substantial increases in the axiality of the crystal field from 1 to 2 to 3 as a consequence of the increasingly dominant role of the Fv^tttt and Cp* ligands, with the barrier height and hysteresis properties being attenuated by the equatorial borohydride ligands. The experimental and theoretical results described in this study furnish a blueprint for the design and synthesis of poly-cationic dysprosocenium SMMs with properties that may surpass those of benchmark systems.