Heterostructured hybrids of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent–organic frameworks (COFs)

Abstract

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent–organic frameworks (COFs) with highly ordered crystalline structures show numerous advantages such as large surface areas, structural tunability, well-defined accessible pores, and thermo/chemical stability. Thus, combining different types of MOFs and COFs into one system can generate abundant MOF/COF-based hybrid nanomaterials with superior performances. In comparison to single MOFs or COFs, MOF/COF heterostructures show fantastic properties due to the synergistic effects of their different components. Accordingly, in recent years, MOF/COF-based heterostructures have received increasing attention and rapid advancements, exhibiting a broad range of potential applications in gas sorption and separation, catalysis, energy transfer, biomedicine, etc. Herein, the design principles, assembly mechanisms, synthetic approaches, and applications of different MOF/COF-based hybrids are summarized in detail. The current challenges and future perspectives for MOF/COF-based hybrids are also discussed. This review can provide deep insights into MOF/COF-based heterostructures, which will be helpful for the further development of these hybrid materials with advanced applications.