The role of specific and active surface areas in optimizing hard carbon irreversible capacity loss in sodium ion batteries

Abstract

Oxygen physi- and chemisorption were used to determine the hard carbon total specific and active surface areas, respectively, which have been correlated with irreversible capacity loss during the first charge/discharge cycle in Na-ion half-cells. Lowering the specific and active surface areas allow to reduce the irreversible capacity loss to 8%. Carbon basal planes and edge planes/defects contributions are discussed.