Advances in electrospun chitosan nanofiber biomaterials for biomedical applications

Abstract

Chitosan demonstrates exceptional qualities that enable a variety of applications. Because of this, chitosan-based biomaterials have been produced over time and have the potential to drastically alter the material's properties, leading to the development of unique features. Chitosan is a biopolymer from renewable resources obtained from crabs, lobsters, turtles, shrimp, insects, and food waste. Its exceptional qualities make it a desirable choice for many currently interesting applications. Chitosan is a peculiar type of biopolymer, and the presence of primary amines throughout its backbone structure gives it advantageous physicochemical characteristics and unique interactions with proteins, cells, and other living things. It offers several inherently beneficial qualities, including non-toxicity, antibacterial activity, and biodegradability. The most well-known, influential, and commonly used method for creating chitosan nanofibers is electrospinning. These nanofibers are emerging materials in the biological sectors because of their many benefits, including enhanced porosity, mechanical properties, improved surface functions, high surface area, multi-scale pore size distribution, and intrinsic beneficial features. One of the quickest-growing areas in the life sciences, functionalized chitosan-based electrospun nanofiber research, has recently produced novel drug delivery systems and enhanced scaffolds for regenerative medicine, wound dressings, and antibacterial coatings. Here, we critically review the evolution of CS-based nanofibers and talk about recent advancements in several biomedical fields, emphasizing discoveries and research findings. According to numerous research studies, chitosan nanofibers are ideal materials for various biomedical applications.