Can we make color switchable photovoltaic windows?

Abstract

The development of smart windows could enhance the functionality of the large glass facades found in modern buildings around the globe. While these facades offer occupants views and natural light, the poor insulating qualities of glass cut against the desire for more efficient use of energy resources. In this perspective article, we explore recent developments for next-generation smart window technologies that can offer improved energy management through dynamic color switching, reducing heating and cooling loads, while also generating electricity through the photovoltaic effect. Approaches with chromogenic organic dyes and halide perovskite semiconductors have been developed for switchable photovoltaic windows, but each of these comes with unique challenges. These approaches are briefly discussed and evaluated with an eye to their future prospects. We hope that this perspective will spur other researchers as they think about the various materials and chemical design challenges associated with color switchable photovoltaic windows. Perhaps these initial demonstrations and research ideas can then become marketable products that efficiently use space to improve occupant comfort and reduce the energy demand of the built environment.