Towards sustainable electrochemical ammonia synthesis

Abstract

Ammonia plays a pivotal role in various sectors such as global agriculture, chemical industries, and clean energy systems. To align with the development of a low-carbon economy, it is crucial to adopt sustainable and environmentally friendly production methods for ammonia. In this regard, electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) powered by renewable energies has emerged as a promising alternative for green ammonia synthesis, effectively mitigating the detrimental impacts of fossil fuels in industrial processes. Despite significant progress in eNRR research, challenges persist due to the inherent stability of nitrogen molecules and the competition from hydrogen evolution reactions in aqueous solutions. This perspective explores the mechanisms and current research surrounding eNRR, encompassing a wide range of catalysts, electrolytes, and cell configurations, along with various ammonia test methods. Feasible strategies are proposed for enhancing ammonia yield and synthesis efficiency through electrocatalyst design and device optimization. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects are evaluated for future eNRR development, offering insights that can drive advancements in electrochemical ammonia synthesis. By addressing the current status, challenges, and perspectives of this field, this perspective aims to contribute to the application research of sustainable and efficient ammonia production processes, supporting the transition towards a carbon-neutral future.