Dynamic transformation of active sites in energy and environmental catalysis

Hao Zhang; Lei Chen; Feng Dong; Zhiwen Lu; Enmin Lv; Xinglong Dong; Huanxin Li; Zhongyong Yuan; Xinwen Peng; Shihe Yang; Jieshan Qiu; Zhengxiao Guo; Zhenhai Wen

doi:10.1039/D4EE02365J

Dynamic transformation of active sites in energy and environmental catalysis

Hao Zhang,

†*^ab Lei Chen,†*^c Feng Dong,

†^de Zhiwen Lu,†^f Enmin Lv,^g Xinglong Dong,

^g Huanxin Li,

*^b Zhongyong Yuan,

*^c Xinwen Peng,

*^h Shihe Yang,

*^d Jieshan Qiu,ⁱ Zhengxiao Guo

*^e and Zhenhai Wen

*^f

Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

^a Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
E-mail: hzhchem@mit.edu

^b Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
E-mail: hao.zhang@chem.ox.ac.uk, huanxin.li@chem.ox.ac.uk

^c School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
E-mail: chen-lei@mail.nankai.edu.cn, zyyuan@nankai.edu.cn

^d Guangdong Key Lab of Nano-Micro Material Research, School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
E-mail: chsyang@pku.edu.cn

^e CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials & Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
E-mail: zxguo@hku.hk

^f CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Techniques toward Hydrogen Energy, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
E-mail: wen@fjirsm.ac.cn

^g Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China

^h State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
E-mail: fexwpeng@scut.edu.cn

ⁱ College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China

Abstract

Active sites play a pivotal role in photo/electrocatalysis, particularly in the transition from fossil fuels to clean, efficient and renewable energy sources. Precise identification of catalyst active sites and understanding of their dynamic transformation are crucial for engineering the activity, selectivity and stability of a catalyst for a specific reaction. Herein, we provide an in-depth and interdisciplinary overview of the recent advancements in dynamic transformation of active sites in photo/electrocatalysis. Firstly, we explore the underlying principles of the dynamic reconstruction, focusing on dynamic transformations in surface structure, composition and properties. Subsequently, advanced operando/in situ characterization for dynamic transformation is summarized, to provide mechanistic insights for the identification of such processes. In order to improve catalytic performance, we discussed comparatively the triggers and the corresponding reaction mechanisms of the dynamic process. Finally, we present an insightful analysis of the challenges and the future prospects for the applications of dynamic transformation of active sites in photo/electrocatalysis.

This article is part of the themed collection: Energy & Environmental Science Recent HOT Articles

Energy & Environmental Science

Dynamic transformation of active sites in energy and environmental catalysis

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