Rational design of SiOx based anode materials for next generation lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have gained significant importance in various fields, as they play a vital role in energy storage and conversion. The design and development of anode materials are of the utmost significance in enhancing the electrochemical performance of LIBs. SiO_x has emerged as a promising candidate for the next generation of anode materials, primarily due to its high energy density, which has garnered widespread attention. However, the commercialization of SiO_x has been hindered by challenges such as low conductivity and significant volume change during cycling. The design of SiO_x/C composites offers a potential solution to circumvent most of the inherent drawbacks of SiO_x, as carbon materials possess excellent electrochemical and physical properties. In this review, we aim to provide an in-depth analysis of SiO_x with different dimensions, with a specific focus on the influence of the oxidation degree on the electrochemical performance. We classify the recent representative progress in SiO_x/C composites based on their structural characteristics and highlight the structure–activity relationship of different materials. Additionally, strategies for improving the performance of SiO_x based anode materials are discussed, including the use of carbon sources, doping, surface modification, prelithiation and the use of binders. Finally, the challenges and research prospects are also described, aiming to provide insights for the rational design of advanced SiO_x/C composites.