A novel GO hoisted SnO2–BiOBr bifunctional catalyst for the remediation of organic dyes under illumination by visible light and electrocatalytic water splitting

Abstract

It is imperative to develop affordable multi-functional catalysts based on transition metals for various applications, such as dye degradation or the production of green energy. For the first time, we propose a simple chemical bath method to create a SnO₂–BiOBr–rGO heterojunction with remarkable photocatalytic and electrocatalytic activities. After introducing graphene oxide (GO) into the SnO₂–BiOBr nanocomposite, the charge separation, electron mobility, surface area, and electrochemical properties were significantly improved. The X-ray diffraction results show the successful integration of GO into the SnO₂–BiOBr nanocomposite. Systematic material characterization by scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed that the photocatalysts are composed of uniformly distributed SnO₂ nanoparticles (∼11 nm) on the regular nanosheets of BiOBr (∼94 nm) and rGO. The SnO₂–BiOBr–rGO photocatalyst has outstanding photocatalytic activity when it comes to reducing a variety of organic dyes like rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB). Within 90 minutes of visible light illumination, degradation of a maximum of 99% for MB and 99.8% for RhB was noted. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance was also tested for the ternary nanocomposite, and significantly lower overpotential values of 0.34 and −0.11 V (vs. RHE) at 10 mA cm⁻² were observed for the OER and HER, respectively. Furthermore, the Tafel slope values are 34 and 39 mV dec⁻¹ for the OER and HER, respectively. The catalytic degradation of dyes with visible light and efficient OER and HER performance offer this work a broad spectrum of potential applications.