Recent progress in ladder-like polysilsesquioxane: synthesis and applications

Abstract

This review explores advancements in the synthesis, characterization, and applications of ladder-like polysilsesquioxane (LPSQ), emphasizing its unique double-stranded structure. It highlights key developments in synthesis methodologies that enhance LPSQ properties, offering superior solubility, processability, and thermal resistance compared to counterparts like polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS). Through comparative analysis, this paper underscores LPSQ's significant role in electronics, energy storage, and coatings, and presents case studies to illustrate its practical benefits. The conclusion summarizes the current knowledge on LPSQ and suggests future research directions, focusing on scalability and sustainability. This work paves the way for the next phase of materials science innovation, highlighting the critical role of LPSQ in the development of advanced hybrid materials.