Research progress in photocatalytic reduction of CO2 based on metal nanocluster materials

Abstract

Photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons with higher added values offers an effective strategy for mitigating greenhouse effects and addressing energy crises. Compared to other CO2 conversion methods, photocatalytic reduction is more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly, offering broader application prospects. The selection of highly efficient and stable photocatalysts is pivotal in this process. Metal nanoclusters, characterized by their ultra-small size (less than 2nm), large specific surface area, numerous active metal sites, tunability, high selectivity of products, and extended lifespan, have garnered extensive attention in the photocatalytic field. This review briefly outlines the fundamental principles of photocatalysis and the mechanisms behind CO2 reduction via photocatalysis. It discusses the basic properties, synthesis methods, and performance of metal nanoclusters applied in photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Furthermore, it reviews the research progress in the field from the perspective of different types of metal nanoclusters, offering a forecast for their developmental prospects and providing recommendations. This review could serve as an invaluable reference for the development of more efficient and ideal photocatalysts, for CO2 reduction reaction.