Laccase-mediated degradation of emerging contaminants: unveiling a sustainable solution

Abstract

The excessive use of emerging contaminants (ECs) in various applications has led to a global health crisis. ECs are found in groundwater, surface water, soils, and wastewater treatment plants at concentrations ranging from ng L⁻¹ to μg L⁻¹. This review explores the sources of ECs and laccase's role in their degradation. ECs encompass diverse categories with potential implications for human health, animals, and the environment, and their adverse effects are examined. Laccase, a key mediator, can oxidize non-phenolic compounds, broadening its substrate range. The review discusses the intricacies of laccase-mediated degradation and highlights its potential to improve global water resource sustainability. Innovative strategies, like laccase immobilization, are explored for EC removal, benefiting environmental preservation. In summary, the review addresses the issue of excessive EC use, their presence in water sources, and their impact on health, wildlife, and the ecosystem. Laccase offers promise for EC degradation, emphasizing its mechanism and potential for sustainable water resource management. Advanced techniques, including laccase immobilization, further demonstrate the commitment to tackling EC-induced environmental challenges.