Unlocking the potential of 2D nanomaterial-based biosensors in biomarker-based detection of Helicobacter pylori

Abstract

Recent advancements in nanotechnology and biomedicine have promoted the utilization of nanomaterials for various medical applications, particularly in the detection of Helicobacter pylori infections. The colonization of the gastric mucosa by H. pylori significantly establishes the risk factors for the development of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancers. While conventional methods, both invasive and non-invasive, are available for the detection of H. pylori, they often face limitations in terms of sensitivity, specificity, cost-effectiveness, and point-of-care applications. Two-dimensional nanomaterials exhibit considerable potential in the development of robust analytical platforms tailored for point-of-care (POC) detection of H. pylori, thereby presenting streamlined and economically viable biosensing solutions for the purpose of detecting H. pylori infections. This review summarizes the primary biomarkers utilized for the detection of H. pylori infections, elucidating how 2D nanomaterials enhance biosensor efficacy and the diverse applications of biosensors coupled with 2D nanomaterials in detecting H. pylori infection. Additionally, it examines different types of biosensing platforms that harness the unique properties of 2D nanomaterials and design considerations for optimizing biosensor performance for the accurate and reliable identification of H. pylori infections. The last part explores the industrialization potential and commercial viability and challenges inherent in utilizing 2D nanomaterials in biosensing and outlines future research and development prospects in 2D nanomaterial-based biosensors for disease detection.