MnO2-based nanostructures for high-performance supercapacitors

Abstract

MnO₂-based materials have been intensively investigated for use in pseudocapacitors due to their high theoretical specific capacitance, good chemical and thermal stability, natural abundance, environmental benignity and low cost. In this review, several main factors that affect the electrochemical properties of MnO₂-based electrodes are presented. Various strategic design and synthetic methods of MnO₂-based electrode materials for enhanced electrochemical performance are highlighted and summarized. Finally, the challenges and future directions toward the development of MnO₂-based nanostructured electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors (SCs) are discussed.