Hydroxyl-functionalized triazolylidene-based PEPPSI complexes: metallacycle formation effect on the Suzuki coupling reaction

Abstract

We report the preparation and full characterization of a series of hydroxyl functionalized 1,2,3-triazolylidene-based PEPPSI complexes 2a–c and their catalytic application in the Suzuki cross coupling reaction of aryl chlorides/amides with boronic acids. Under basic reaction conditions, complexes 2a–c show a notable increase in their catalytic efficiency compared with two ether-wingtip functionalized PEPPSI analogues (3 and 4) and a commercially available NHC-Pd complex (5). The catalytic results suggest that deprotonation of the hydroxyl group in complexes 2a–c plays an important role in the overall process. Deprotonation of the alcohol moiety of complexes 2a–b with sodium tert-butoxide allows for the isolation of metallacycles 6a–b, which are proposed as the active species of cross coupling reactions.