CaGA nanozymes with multienzyme activity realize multifunctional repair of acute wounds by alleviating oxidative stress and inhibiting cell apoptosis

Abstract

Acute wounds result from damage to the skin barrier, exposing underlying tissues and increasing susceptibility to bacterial and other pathogen infections. Improper wound care increases the risk of exposure and infection, often leading to chronic nonhealing wounds, which cause significant patient suffering. Early wound repair can effectively prevent the development of chronic nonhealing wounds. In this study, Ca-Gallic Acid (CaGA) nanozymes with multienzyme catalytic activity were constructed for treating acute wounds by coordinating Ca ions with gallic acid. CaGA nanozymes exhibit high superoxide dismutase/catalase (SOD/CAT) catalytic activity and good antioxidant performance in vitro. In vitro experiments demonstrated that CaGA nanozymes can effectively promote cell migration, efficiently scavenge ROS, maintain mitochondrial homeostasis, reduce inflammation, and decrease cell apoptosis. In vivo, CaGA nanozymes promoted granulation tissue formation, accelerated collagen fiber deposition, and reconstructed skin appendages, thereby accelerating acute wound healing. CaGA nanozymes have potential clinical application value in wound healing treatment.