A review on framework (MOF/COF/POP)-based materials for efficient conversion of CO2 to bio-active oxazolidinones

Abstract

Excessive reliance on fossil fuels has increased atmospheric CO₂ emissions, resulting in the greenhouse effect that endangers global climate stability and human well-being. Consequently, the storage and chemical conversion of CO₂ into sustainable products can play a vital role in reducing anthropogenic emissions. Hence, there is an upsurge in research on selective carbon capture, sequestration and utilization (CCSU) to mitigate the rising atmospheric CO₂ concentration. Carbon capture and utilization (CCU), in particular, has attracted considerable interest because it enables the utilization of CO₂ as a C1 feedstock for generating commodity chemicals and fuels such as cyclic or polycarbonates, cyclic carbamates, oxazolidinones, formamides, methane, methanol and so on. Among these products, oxazolidinones are essential five-membered heterocyclic compounds found in several important pharmaceuticals. Oxazolidinones also function as versatile intermediates and chiral agents in organic synthesis. Thus, developing highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts containing dense basic and catalytic sites is potentially significant for effectively capturing and transforming CO₂ into 2-oxazolidinones under ambient conditions. In this regard, porous framework-based materials viz metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and porous organic polymers (POPs) are excellent candidates owing to their fascinating attributes, like ample active sites, intrinsic porosity and accessible functionalities. These framework-based materials have been exploited as recyclable catalysts in efficient cyclization of CO₂ with aziridines, propargylic amines and alcohols coupled with amines/epoxides to produce oxazolidinones. This review provides a detailed analysis of recent advancements in developing porous framework-based recyclable catalysts for environmentally friendly conversion of CO₂ to oxazolidinones. Furthermore, future considerations and challenges for fabricating efficient framework-based catalysts in transforming CO₂ into value-added oxazolidinones are also discussed.