Advancements in MoS2‒based Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions

Abstract

Significant progress has recently been made in the development of new materials for energy storage and conversion. One of the commercially dominant energy storage technologies is lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which primarily use graphite as the anode. However, graphite has limitations such as limited theoretical capacity and poor rate capability, which shortens battery life and delays charging times. To address these shortcomings, researchers are exploring ultrathin nanosheets of layered transition metal sulfides, particularly molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). MoS2 has emerged as a frontrunner, boasting a much higher theoretical capacity compared to graphite and offering the potential for more energy-dense and longer-lasting batteries. Despite the significant potential of MoS2-based LIBs, they encounter several critical challenges that hinder their practical application. These includes low electrical conductivity, large volume changes during lithiation and delithiation, the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase layer, stability, material synthesis and scalability, and compatibility with electrolytes. Overcoming these challenges is essential to realize the full potential of MoS2 as an anode material for LIBs. Researchers are actively exploring various strategies to address these issues, with doping and defect engineering showing particular promise for improving electrical conductivity and overall performance. On the other hand, composite design offers another exciting avenue for improvement, creating synergistic effects that improve electrical conductivity and promote efficient lithium-ion transport. This review comprehensively discusses the latest progress and challenges facing MoS2-based anode materials and explore the various strategies used to address these issues. Finally, we provide valuable insights into future perspectives aimed at advancing MoS2-based LIB anode technology, considering potential avenues for further development and application.