Restructuring multi-phase interfaces from Cu-based metal–organic frameworks for selective electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4

Abstract

Multi-phase interfaces are promising for surmounting the energy barriers of electrochemical CO₂ reduction involving multiple electron transfer steps, but challenges still remain in constructing interfacial micro-structures and unraveling their dynamic changes and working mechanism. Herein, highly active Ag/Cu/Cu₂O heterostructures are in situ electrochemically restructured from Ag-incorporating HKUST-1, a Cu-based metal–organic framework (MOF), and accomplish efficient CO₂-to-C₂H₄ conversion with a high faradaic efficiency (57.2% at −1.3 V vs. RHE) and satisfactory stability in flow cells, performing among the best of recently reported MOFs and their derivatives. The combination of in/ex situ characterizations and theoretical calculations reveals that Ag plays a crucial role in stabilizing Cu(I) and increasing the CO surface coverage, while the active Cu/Cu₂O interfaces significantly reduce the energy barrier of C–C coupling toward the boosted ethylene production. This work not only proves MOFs as feasible precursors to derive efficient electrocatalysts on site, but also provides in-depth understanding on the working interfaces at an atomic level.