The role of copolymers towards key materials in electrochemical supercapacitors: a review

Abstract

Supercapacitors (SCs) are promising energy storage systems, distinguished by their long cycle life, rapid charging/discharging capabilities, and environmental friendliness, making them effective alternatives to batteries. Copolymers, owing to their easily tunable structures and properties, are considered highly advantageous materials for SCs. The mechanical strength, ionic conductivity, and stability of copolymers are critical, representing significant challenges for developing high-performance copolymer-based SCs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the role of copolymers towards key materials for SCs. We initially introduce the fundamentals of SCs and copolymers, followed by a detailed discussion on the effects of their preparation methods, preparation principles, material selections, and structural design on the performance of electrodes, electrolytes, and binders in SCs, illustrated with some key examples. Finally, we discuss the future prospects and challenges of copolymer applications in SCs. This review aims to guide further development of the role of copolymers towards key materials for SCs and enhance their production and application.