An amino-functionalized lanthanide-organic framework for ratiometric detection of ONOO−

Abstract

Peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻), a common reactive nitrogen, can serve as a potential indicator for the early diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). In this work, a lanthanide–organic framework (EuTPTC-NH₂) is constructed for ratiometric luminescence detection of ONOO⁻ with excellent sensitivity and selectivity. The presence of ONOO⁻ leads to an increase in ligand emission at 410 nm and a decrease in Eu³⁺ at 616 nm, accompanied by an emission color change from red to blue, due to the oxidation of the amino group to a nitroso group by ONOO⁻. EuTPTC-NH₂ exhibits a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.0053 μM, a fast response time of 45 s, and excellent selectivity toward ONOO⁻. EuTPTC-NH₂ can also be successfully used for the ratiometric detection of ONOO⁻ in saline, and subsequently employed for the detection of the ONOO⁻ concentration level in serum samples from DILI mice and clinical patients with liver injury, providing a potential biological tool for the early detection of DILI.