Geometric and Electronic Perspectives on Dual-Atom Catalysts for Advanced Oxidation Processes

Abstract

With the escalating global challenges of energy scarcity and environmental pollution, the development of efficient and sustainable catalytic technologies has become imperative. Dual-atom catalysts (DACs) have garnered considerable interest, particularly in various catalytic process, demonstrating exceptional promise in enhancing reaction efficiency and selectivity. Unlike prior reviews that primarily emphasize specific or one single reaction process, this review provides a systematic and comprehensive analysis of DACs across diverse oxidation chemistry, including ozone oxidation, Fenton-like reactions, photo/electro/piezo-catalysis, and enzyme-mimetic oxidation. It begins with a concise overview of the discovery, development, and evolution of DACs, alongside a profound investigation of diverse synthesis strategies and state-of-the-art characterization techniques. Moreover, the remarkable improvement of DACs in catalytic process delves into how the geometric microstructure and electronic configuration of DACs including charge transfer, coordination environment, spin state, influence catalytic kinetics and thermodynamics, exploring the relationships between structural geometry, electronic interactions, and catalysis mechanisms. By integrating these multidimensional insights, the review expands conventional paradigms in DACs development and identifies innovative pathways for linking microstructure and catalysis mechanism. Finally, it also emphasizes critical research gaps and emerging opportunities of DACs that warrant further exploration and attention. This review would provide valuable guidance and foundational in rapidly evolving field of DACs.