Flexible organic–inorganic hybrid crystals of tin(IV) chloride and naphthalenediimide: exploring elasticity, mechanochromism, and photothermal conversion

Sotaro Kusumoto; Shunya Masuda; Ryo Suzuki; Masaru Tachibana; Masaya Shimabukuro; Mamiko Kobayashi; Naoki Ogiwara; Sayaka Uchida; Tomoya Fukui; Yuta Tsuji; Masaya Okamura; Shiro Hikichi; Yang Kim; Yoshihiro Koide

doi:10.1039/D5TC00891C

Flexible organic–inorganic hybrid crystals of tin(iv) chloride and naphthalenediimide: exploring elasticity, mechanochromism, and photothermal conversion†

Sotaro Kusumoto,

*^a Shunya Masuda,^a Ryo Suzuki,

^b Masaru Tachibana,

^b Masaya Shimabukuro,

^c Mamiko Kobayashi,^c Naoki Ogiwara,

^d Sayaka Uchida,

^d Tomoya Fukui,^e Yuta Tsuji,

^f Masaya Okamura,

^a Shiro Hikichi,

^a Yang Kim^g and Yoshihiro Koide*^a

Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

^a Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
E-mail: kusumoto@kanagawa-u.ac.jp, ykoide01@kanagawa-u.ac.jp

^b Department of Materials System Science, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan

^c Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan

^d Department of Basic Science, School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-0041, Japan

^e Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Integrated Research, Institute of Science Tokyo, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan

^f Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan

^g Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan

Abstract

Organic–inorganic hybrid metal halides (OIMHs) are emerging functional materials with diverse applications. However, the exploration of mechanically soft OIMHs remains limited. This study introduces tin(IV) OIMH crystals (1 and 1w), incorporating a naphthalenediimide (NDI)-based organic cation (3pmNDI), which exhibit elastic flexibility, mechanochromism, and photothermal conversion. The unique one-dimensional (1D) slip-stacked assembly of 3pmNDI cations, influenced by the presence or absence of lattice water (1w vs. 1), dictates their mechanical properties and chromic behavior. Compound 1 exhibits an exceptionally low elastic modulus (E_r = 1.84 ± 0.21 GPa), as measured by nanoindentation, and a photothermal conversion efficiency of 63%. These findings showcase the potential of OIMHs as multifunctional flexible crystals.

This article is part of the themed collections: Journal of Materials Chemistry C HOT Papers and Molecular Crystals: Mechanics and Photonics

Journal of Materials Chemistry C

Flexible organic–inorganic hybrid crystals of tin(iv) chloride and naphthalenediimide: exploring elasticity, mechanochromism, and photothermal conversion†

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Flexible organic–inorganic hybrid crystals of tin(IV) chloride and naphthalenediimide: exploring elasticity, mechanochromism, and photothermal conversion

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