Recent progress and challenges of flexible supercapacitor-sensor integrated systems based on conductive polymers

Abstract

Nanocomposites based on conductive polymers have emerged as promising candidates for energy storage and sensing materials due to their superior stretchability, unique physicochemical properties, and excellent stability. With the rapid development of flexible electronics, supercapacitors based on these materials have demonstrated broad application advantages through integration with various sensor devices. Such energy storage and sensing response systems are expected to play significant roles in future healthcare, food safety, and environmental protection. However, this field still faces challenges in materials and manufacturing technologies. This review systematically explores material selection, structural design, manufacturing technologies for integrated systems, and their wearable-device applications. It critically analyzes current challenges and future research trajectories, offering new perspectives and theoretical foundations for advancing these areas.