Simple accessible clemastine fumarate analogues as effective antileishmanials

Abstract

Current therapeutic options for leishmaniasis are severely limited, highlighting an urgent need to develop more effective and less toxic drugs to combat a major global public health challenge. Clemastine fumarate displays good levels of antileishmanial efficacy, but further optimisation is challenged by its difficult synthesis. Here, we demonstrate that simple N-linked analogues are easier to access, can exhibit higher selectivity and show comparable efficacy in a mouse model of Leishmania amazonensis infection.